Essay on Immigration Reform - 1023 Words

Immigration Reform is obviously a big issue in America today. I mean everywhere you go; you either see something about or read about it. There is no exact number as to how many illegal immigrants cross the border, but it is estimated to be around 11 to 12 million. This has become a major political and social issue because of the continued flow of illegal immigrants. There is nothing really around that will stop this problem. Nothing has really been done, I mean there are borders and all, but who watches the borders to stop the immigration and even so there is no one there to protect the people who are there trying to prevent it. Anything can happen to the people who are watching the borders such as being shot at and things of the nature,†¦show more content†¦The part of the proposal that I really like though is the fact that the Border Patrol would be doubled to 28,000 agents over time. There will be more people around to watch the fence, which should decrease this problem d rastically. I do not think that there should be penalties for employers who hire illegal immigrants, well not very severe punishments like a $75,000 fine or even jail time. Is it really the employers fault if they hire an illegal? How are they supposed to know that the person is illegal is they have documentation that looks real like our social security cards and things. If anything, I feel that employers should be required to take a class or something of the nature, in order to learn how to tell if the documents are real or not. There are many ways to tell if something is real, like whether or not a bill is counterfeit or if a person’s license is real or not. If you were the owner of a bar and someone presented an I.D. to you that looked real and you were to serve them a drink. Later on, if the police were to come and find out that the person was underage, is it fair for you to be charged a fine for not being able to tell the difference. I feel that it is not right because granted what y ou did was wrong, but it was not your fault. The only reason an employer should be penalized is if they knew that the documents were notShow MoreRelatedImmigration Reform2072 Words   |  9 PagesImmigration and Immigration Reform Haley Johnson Axia College of University of Phoenix Thesis Statement: More and more immigrants are coming in to the United States each year, and we as a nation should truly reevaluate our immigration policies. Immigration and Immigration Reform The number of illegal immigrants who come into the United States each year is staggering, and the numbers just keep on increasing. Three million illegal immigrants come into the United States every yearRead MoreImmigration Reform : Illegal Immigration1697 Words   |  7 Pages Back in 2007 there were several concerns over immigration as a whole and exploding proportions of illegal immigrants crossing the border in the Arizona area. Arizona attempted to resolve the influx of people across the border by imposing heavy fines on employers hiring illegal immigrants. At that time in Arizona there was a democratic governor Janet Napolitano that continually vetoed the Arizona’s legislature attempt to reduce illegal immigration. In 2009 the state replaced the Democratic governorRead MoreImmigration Reform And The Immigration Boom Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pageslook like my old town. No, it does not, I responded. Since you went to sleep, we had what you could call an immigration b oom. Now in your old town we have people from many parts of the world. What you see here is the result of immigration reforms, which helps boost the economy, create diversity, and cause cultural enrichment.† RIP if I may call you RIP let me tell you about what immigration is, better yet, let me tell you about immigrants. At the time you were living in your farm, and your prolongedRead MoreEssay on Immigration Reform750 Words   |  3 PagesImmigration Reform At this time, the United States has allowed more immigrants to enter the country than at any time in its history. Over a million legal and illegal immigrants take up residence in the United States each year. Immigration at its current magnitude is not fulfilling the interests or demands of this country. With the country struggling to support the huge intake of new comers, life in America has been suffering tremendously. The excessive stress put upon the welfare system, overuseRead MoreThe Issue Of Immigration Reform Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pages Immigration Reform Tony Smith HSE 430 November 17, 2016 Nick R. North Immigration Reform Introduction Public Opinion The American public seems to be aware of the issue in general, but is short of the details. There has certainly been a healthy amount of media coverage of immigration reform, but as the coverage itself is unclear as to how best to frame the problems, it mostly informs about the existence of the issue rather than informing about the issue itself. As such, there is conflictingRead MoreImmigration Reform Of Hispanic Immigration1987 Words   |  8 PagesImmigration of Latinos has long caused cultural conflict, especially when it comes to the illegal immigration of Latinos. Unfortunately, the issue has long been debated and there seems to be no clear cut answer on how to resolve the problem. Many Americans often overlook the struggles that Latinos endure and place stereotypes upon this group of people that are untrue. Furthermore, most Americans are misinformed or uninformed about the other side of this hot issue. The purpose of this essay is toRead MoreThe Need for Immigration Reform1 193 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate on immigration reform has been heated and often uninformed. Every president mentions in his speech to take action on immigration reform. But unfortunately he ends up taking action against immigrants by deporting them. Is the country founded by immigrants has closed doors for the immigrants? People are fighting for the immigration reform. In order for the bright future of America we need to fix the present problems. A land of opportunity has taken many hits but the immigration reform madeRead MoreThe Importance of an Immigration Reform949 Words   |  4 Pagestime for an immigration reform. A reform to stop the separation of millions of families and help heal our economy. From its origin the United States has been called a nation of immigrants. It is a melting pot for countless cultures, religions, and races. Our immigrant past has helped create a national character. Our country attracts the most brilliant people from all around the world from the highly educated to the hardworking immigrants. Unfortunately, due to the broken immigration system itRead MoreThe Debate On Immigration Reform958 Words   |  4 Pagessurrounding the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors, or DREAM Act, brought about legal, ethical, and logistical concerns. Illegal immigration and the population unauthorized alien in the United States were key issues in the ongoing debate on immigration reform. However, the benefits of this bill outweighed its disadvantages. Immigration policies in the United States concerning undocumented workers are strict and direct. Employers are not allowed to employ illegal or undocumented immigrantsRead MoreImmigration Act Of 1965 An d The Immigration Reform Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagescountless citizens to be open when it comes to immigration, while keeping the country hospitable to its citizens for generations to come. However, this attitude to immigration is a fairly recent phenomenon in American history, especially in regards to immigrants coming in from non-Western European countries. With the introduction of the Immigration Act of 1965 and the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) came about the changes to immigration policy that would forever change the face of

Sammy Free Essays

Sometimes, children feel that they are not given much attention by their parents that is why they tend to do the things that their parents don’t want them to do. Otherwise, they will not know what they really want to do in life. Will there be any possible solution for cases like these? I studied the case of Sammy, a boy who doesn’t want to go to school anymore and we can say that he is a naughty and a rebellious son. We will write a custom essay sample on Sammy or any similar topic only for you Order Now He has the feeling of inferiority about himself since his sister looks better than him. His parents are always busy, that they don’t have time to talk to their child anymore, and when they come home early, Sammy always receives complains about the things he usually do and scolds him oftentimes. With this, Sammy somehow becomes disobedient that he can just walk out from them and even brags the door because of irritation. It is showing that the characteristic of Sammy differs from the others, and he could be considered as a problem child wherein his parents as we can assume, considers Sammy to be a difficult one. On the other hand, Sammy do not feel that he is being loved and given an attention that is why, his acts are quite timid. He just like to turn around and walk away because he’d rather be silent than to have quarrels. However, this would greatly influence his personality when he grows up as he doesn’t give justice to the things that he should brought up to his parents. With this, his parents, knowing that criticizing Sammy would help him change, they are being negligent of what’s the feeling of their child towards them. When we speak about the behavior of a child, the first thing that will enter our mind is the parents. Oftentimes, parents escape worrying about their children (O’Connor 2002) like Sammy’s parents. The question that comes to our mind would be, â€Å"how does his parents treat him, how does they control and manage Sam, what is their relationship with Sammy in terms of bonding, and what are the words that they tell Sammy which makes him irritated with them? † With these questions that play in our thoughts, we can come up with some generalizations. One, maybe Sammy’s parents don’t have time to teach him on how to do his homework, ever since he went to school, which made Sammy felt that no one is helping him. Another is that, the way his parents talk to him, is not the way Sammy wants to hear, and they are not aware of what Sammy’s likes and dislikes are. These assumptions will give us a bigger picture of Sammy’s case particularly at home. These affect the behavior of Sammy and will continue unless his parents try to stop it as soon a possible. According to some research, effective parenting skills are a critical indicator of positive outcomes for kids. One solution would be according to Dr. O’ Connor (2002) that His parents should intervene to Sammy’s behavior in school, and make a plan together with his teacher to reinforce and encourage his positive behaviors. With regard to his action of simply walking away, his parents should properly talk to him seriously. Emotional regulation and understanding (Leventhal, 2007), should be developed and should be engage in levels of pretend play (Lindsey and Colwell). Sammy’s action should be assessed in order to determine how to solve the conflict between them (Zahn-Walker, Friedman, Cole, Mizuta, and Hiruma, 1996). Even though Sammy’s parents are busy, there should be a time in which they will spend quality time with their siblings. This is to be able to know some updates about their child and to be able to observe their behavior, attitude and personality as they grow up. This will give an open communications within their family and Sammy will not hesitate to ask some things that he wants to know. No favoritism between siblings should be shown, as it will give a negative impact to the child’s eyes. As early as now, if Sammy’s parents try to consult experts in this scenario, then there is still a big chance for Sammy to change for the better. In this study, I have learned in the end that parents play a great role in the reshaping the behavior of their children. Love, trust, encouragement must be present and certain strategies must be observed. All these should result in a positive outcome of a child’s behavior. The parents should also learn how to control their anger whenever their child has done something wrong, and punishment could be done in some other ways that the child will not get hurt, to the point that he will take revenge. As a student, I have also learned that I should have a good conversation with my parents, try to show them that they are also given the respect that they needed because I know now, how hard it is to be a parent. It is not easy to deal with your children even though they are your own, with the same blood and staying under the same roof. I will not be stubborn and will be obedient to my parents and show them how I love them. How to cite Sammy, Papers Sammy Free Essays Sammy is observant and watches everything that goes on in the store while he cashiers because the Job can get a little boring and he can also by easily distracted y something. His observations, so marvelously acute and precisely and delightfully expressed† (WEB) When these girls walk in, he becomes very observant. He notices the patterns of the bikinis they are wearing. We will write a custom essay sample on Sammy or any similar topic only for you Order Now He also notices the way one of them has the strings on the top. Once they start to talk, he fgures out who is the leader. He calls her queenie, and he is very fond of her. He notices by the way she is walking and talking that no doubt she is the leader and the other two are her followers. Sammy is different but acts like a normal cashier in this story. He is not important and does not stand out compared to his coworkers. Sammy wants the girls to notice him, so he feels the need to try to be different. â€Å"Sammy notices the gulf between them; the only way he can get them to notice him to differentiate himself from what he sees, through their eyes as the provincialism of the small town that insists on â€Å"decent dress† in its supermarket. † (126) He wants to stand out from the rest of the people in the store, such as, customers and coworkers. He calls this coworker a drone and customers sheep, which is very different and strange. Not many normal teens do that, and nothing makes Sammy any more special than the rest of the people in the store. Sammy is dissatisfied and quits his Job. â€Å"Sammy is not frustrated because he cannot woo queenie but because of the length of time because of the time he has been working at the supermarket and his daily encounters with customers. † (Web) His manager decides to tell the girls something about the way they are dressed. Sammy thinks his manager disrespected them, he stands up for them and quits. He is hoping the girls would notice and like it but they do not notice. Sammy becomes very dissatisfied with his decision when he walks outside and notices the girls are gone. Then again, he did not really like the Job anyway, considering he realized this opened up a door for new opportunities. Sammy starts to think about his decision more and more, wondering if he has made the right choice. At the end of this story, he is a different Sammy. He became were worth quitting for. He thought by being different he would have gotten their attention. He also thought he would have been satisfied with his decision, but he begins to question his decision. How to cite Sammy, Papers

Collecting and Disposing Accounting - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Collecting and Disposing Accounting. Answer: Introduction: To calculate the exact cost of collecting and disposing the rubbish from a residential address for a period of one year there are few criteria that are considered in this context which are as follows; The diversion rate is computed by taking into the considerations the weight of recovered resources divided by the total amount of kerbside collected material. The Kerbside waste has the diversion of 9% where the benchmark amount of diversion on a weekly basis comprises of 140 L of waste collection (Drury, 2013). Furthermore, direct operating cost are also taken into the considerations in computing the cost associated with the collection and disposal of waste. The overhead cost includes direct operating cost along with the labour operation costs. The overhead of collecting waste also consists of the baler operation waste transfer station that takes into the considerations the labour costs and direct operating cost. Furthermore, the household waste disposal expenditure are also taken into the considerations with removing waste from household are significant. The expenses from the domestic waste per annum tonnes are also considered. Costs such as transport off island, landfill SWRA and cost of transporting and disposing the waste is included in the collection cost for collecting waste by ABC city council (Taylor Scapens, 2016). The current service lays down the difficulties at the transfer station with the waste handling stream in order to efficiently transport the waste and recyclables of the waste. This has resulted in increased amount of contamination and problems in attaining the capacity along with the axel weight that is allowable on the trailers at the time of transferring the waste to the stations. ABC city costing operates one single pass truck and a spare truck to undertake the current service. Furthermore, the cost involve in green waste per annum tonne is also considered together with the cost of processing the waste (Leotta et al., 2016). The total amount of cost, which is incurred in the collection of waste, transportation, disposal and processing together with the bulky waste stations, is anticipated to be around $870,000 on a yearly basis with $500 per tonne is collected to process the waste. The ABC city council has undertaken the extensive amount of with the trail and waste audit on behalf of the member council to discover the preferred option of collecting and improving the service of standard (Luft, 2016). In order to ensure efficient transport and recovery of collected recyclables ABC council city aims to ascertain the exact amount incurred in the collection of household waste. With the introduction of green waste management service it is proposed that bulky waste stations can be planted to determine the exact cost of having their rubbish collected. The average yield of recycling collection is estimated to be 1 kg per household each week. ABC city council looks forward to employ the walking floor trailer so that it can transport the waste streams from the residential address (Taylor et al., 2016). The approximate cost of each trailer is in excess of $3,000 and leading to a total cost of $495,000. This cost comprises of $500 per tonne transport cost and $75.65 per tonne is for disposal of residential waste. It is difficult to counter the exact cost of computing the waste disposal from residents. One of the major challenges for planning and controlling is the uncertainty. There is some description of the expression uncertainty. The uncertainty arises from several variability of estimates and the foundations of such estimates are the design and logistics, objectives and priorities with fundamental rational relationships between the projected parties (Dekker, 2016). The councillor request of discovering the exact cost does not seems to be realistic. Because cost tends to vary and does not remains same. Preparing the cost statement at times has been problematic since it does not assign the fixed cost to each residential house for collection of waste. Hence, the total amount of cost cannot be entirely matched with the projected amount of cost (Hemmer Labro, 2016). Practically speaking estimation of cost is required for external reporting and while preparing the exact cost that is required in the disposal of waste runs in to the risk that auditors might not accept such statement to be in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles (Malmi, 2016). This results in problems for top executives who may favour using the variable costing approach for internal reports. Given the situation of charging $500 for removal of waste the proposal of having an annual rubbish collection fee does not seems to be an appropriate measure of providing service. The residents may not support the notion of collecting rubbish by paying the fees of $500. The fee charged by the ABC City Council is not relevant since the fee charged by them is used in the form of raising revenue. Management accounting has been in several ways either by unfolding its role or by explaining its objectives and procedure. Usually, it is extraordinary that the conventional description of managerial accounting explains that management accountant is based on the piece of evidence of providing information to the managers (Kaplan Atkinson, 2015). Managerial accounting is regarded as the profession that consists of collaborating in management decision making, performance management system and providing proficiency in the monetary reporting. The secretarial profession has observed huge censure in the current universal monetary disorder. Several queries have been raised concerning the role of the management accountant in the age of globalization (Deegan, 2013). The essay seeks to explore role of management accountant along with the perception of people towards the accountants in the era of globalization. In the modern era, it is observable to what degree management accountants have turned out to be more effectual and crucial in decision-making process. Managerial accountant have become an important part in the organization process and managerial accountant have turned out to be a substantial strategic partners in the management team of a company. It is striking to witness that management accountant have become significant part of management team (Garcia, 2015). A huge amount of emphasis has been placed on providing business recommendation to administration whereas in past it was only restricted to provide information to the management. In the modern era management accountant are entrusted with the role of strategic management to collaborate the organisation. Furthermore, management accountant are concerned with performance management by budding the practice of company decision making by managing the performance of the administration. According to Bebbington et al., (2015) mentioned earlier that definition of management accountant explains the roles of management accountant by describing its role or its objectives. The responsibilities of management accountant consist of planning, directing and controlling which also includes decision making to the managers responsibilities (Christ Burritt, 2015). The management accountants help the top management to fulfil responsibilities of goal setting and objectives of the organisation by determining the procedure of fulfilling them through specific implementation of action. The management accountant oversees the day to day functions and also keeps a check on the execution of tactics to attain the organisation goals. Furthermore, after setting the plans the management accountant is required to direct its employees to attain its goals. Management accountant also discharge its responsibilities by exercising control and evaluates the outcomes of business operations against the plans (Wan et al., 2015). In other words, they adjust the plans to keep the organisation pressing towards their goals to ensure that efficiency and effectiveness of the organisation is maintained. Management accountant also provide their effort in the secretarial division and in addition they also provide information to the controller that are accountable for general financial accounting and tax reporting. In the modern age managerial accountant is located all through the organisation and works in the cross functional teams that comprises of workforce presenting numerous functions of the organisation (Bodie, 2013). This includes research and development, production, marketing, distribution and consumer services. With the introduction of globalization, several businesses have started to go international by taking the business actions crossways the nationwide frontiers. The marketplace is turning out to be highly competitive and it is becoming fiercer than ever. In order to cope with the strong rivalries it calls for deliberately placing the business enterprise in context to which management accountant operates to compete against the rivals (Otley Emmanuel, 2013). Globalization is creating an impact on the concept of management accounting. With growing weight of globalization, there is an increase in rivalry and information is transferred more quickly. Management accountant plays the wider role in organization by not only providing information but also participate in the process of decision making or at least assisting the managers in making better decisions. In pursuing the objectives of the organisation, managerial accounting continues to expand by emphasising on reducing the waste to create the value through efficient use of capital (Cooper et al., 2017). Thus, management accountant plays a significant role in creating and adding value to the company by administering resources, actions and individuals to accomplish the goal of organisation. Moving towards ethics management accountants is required to behave ethically. There are certain obligations that need to be followed with highest standard of ethical responsibility and maintaining good professional image. Manageria accountant are accountable for upholding a suitable level of proficient ethics by constantly developing facts and skills (Fullerton et al., 2013). Managerial accountant promotes integrity by mitigating the conflict of interest by frequently communicating with the business associates in order to avoid obvious conflict of interest. The management accountant provides advice to all the parties of any potential conflicts. Management accountant refrain from indulging in any kind of conduct that would prejudice executing out duties ethically (Bhimani et al., 2013). They generally abstain from indulging or supporting any kind of activity, which discredit the profession. In complying with the standards of ethical professional practice management accountant may encounter difficulties in identifying the unethical behaviour or solving the ethical conflict. When management accountant are faced with ethical issues they follow the established policies of the organisation to solve the conflict of interest. Management accountant discusses the issue with their immediate supervisor and submits the issue to the next level of management (Malmi, 2016). On the other hand, management accountant communicate the information quite and independently by disclosing all the important information, which could sensibly be anticipated to persuade intended users understanding of the reports. Management accountant ensures managerial ethics of all information to the business owners, directors and managers (Luft, 2016). Employees might choose an option of acting unethically however management accountant continuously push their ethical limits when recording and reporting the financial information. Business owners and decision makers are required to full and objective data when reviewing the business functions for making vital decisions (Hemmer Labro, 2016). Ethical standards assures the information is provided in full and without any biasness irrespective of the information being positive or negative. Additionally management accountants possess the access of sensitive business data. Accountants that disclose the internal information for private benefit can ultimately destroys the belief and place the business towards a severe lawful implications. The accounting ethics ensure that management accountants that managerial accountants can be trusted with the receptive trade information. The ground of management accountant undertakes the role of maintaining and upholding the business ethics seriously (Dekker, 2016). The international federal of accountants which is a international governing body possess the code of principles which is applicable to the management accountant. The IFAC code lays down the ethical accountabilities concerning the areas of taxation, cost and commissions. It further comprises of the ethical guidelines associated with integrity and objectivity, resolution of ethical conflicts competency and confidentiality. Hence, management accountant uphold a suitable degree of proficient expertise by performing duties in compliance with the applicable laws, regulations and technological principles (Novas et al., 2017). They provide decision-making information and recommendations, which is precise, obvious and timely rendered. They identify and converse the professional restrictions and other constraints, which would preclude responsible judgement or successful execution of an activity. Conclusion: Management accountant adds value to the organisation by assisting the top administration in the process of decision making and planning. In addition to this, it is found that management accountant also participate in the important decision making and procedure. They also ensure that the ethical standards ensure that information reported such as cost volume profit analysis and investment appraisal techniques provides the managers with necessary information regarding business decisions. Reference list: Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., O'Dwyer, B. (2014).Retrieved 18 May 2017 Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Bhimani, A., Horngren, C. T., Sundem, G. L., Stratton, W. O., Schatzberg, J. (2013).Retrieved 18 May 2017 Introduction to Management Accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Bodie, Z. (2013). Retrieved 18 May 2017Investments. McGraw-Hill. Christ, K. L., Burritt, R. L. (2015). Retrieved 18 May 2017 Material flow cost accounting: a review and agenda for future research.Journal of Cleaner Production,108, 1378-1389. Cooper, D. J., Ezzamel, M., Qu, S. Q. (2017). Retrieved 18 May 2017 Popularizing a management accounting idea: The case of the balanced scorecard.Contemporary Accounting Research. Deegan, C. (2013). Retrieved 18 May 2017Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dekker, H. C. (2016). On the boundaries between intrafirm and interfirm management accounting research.Management Accounting Research,31, 86-99. DRURY, C. M. (2013).Retrieved 18 May 2017 Management and cost accounting. Springer. Ellul, A., Jotikasthira, C., Lundblad, C. T., Wang, Y. (2015). Retrieved 18 May 2017 Is historical cost accounting a panacea? Market stress, incentive distortions, and gains trading.The Journal of Finance,70(6), 2489-2538. Fullerton, R. R., Kennedy, F. A., Widener, S. K. (2013). Retrieved 18 May 2017 Management accounting and control practices in a lean manufacturing environment.Accounting, Organizations and Society,38(1), 50-71. Garcia, M. (2015). Cost Accounting Practices in the Service Industry.Retrieved 18 May 2017 Demand Media.[online]. Dostupno na: https://yourbusiness. azcentral. com/cost-accounting-practicesservice-industry-26920. html.[17. srpanj 2015.]. Hemmer, T., Labro, E. (2016). Retrieved 18 May 2017 Productions and Operations Management Management Accounting. Kaplan, R. S., Atkinson, A. A. (2015). Retrieved 18 May 2017Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Leotta, A., Rizza, C., Ruggeri, D. (2017). Retrieved 18 May 2017 The role of management accounting in the construction of the new generation leadership in family firms: An Actor-Reality perspective.Proceedings of Pragmatic Constructivism,6(2), 34-48. Luft, J. (2016). Retrieved 18 May 2017 Cooperation and competition among employees: Experimental evidence on the role of management control systems.Management Accounting Research,31, 75-85. Malmi, T. (2016). Retrieved 18 May 2017 Managerialist studies in management accounting: 19902014.Management Accounting Research,31, 31-44. Novas, J. C., Novas, J. C., Alves, M. D. C. G., Alves, M. D. C. G., Sousa, A., Sousa, A. (2017). Retrieved 18 May 2017 The role of management accounting systems in the development of intellectual capital.Journal of Intellectual Capital,18(2), 286-315. Otley, D., Emmanuel, K. M. C. (2013).Retrieved 18 May 2017 Readings in accounting for management control. Springer. Taylor, L. C., Scapens, R. W. (2016). Retrieved 18 May 2017 The role of identity and image in shaping management accounting change.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,29(6), 1075-1099. Wan, Y. K., Ng, R. T., Ng, D. K., Tan, R. R. (2015). Retrieved 18 May 2017 Material flow cost accounting (MFCA)based approach for prioritisation of waste recovery.Journal of Cleaner Production,107, 602-614.

Never Worry about Plagiarism with These 60 Tips on Citation Styles

Regardless of what type of writing assignments your professor gives you in university, you must have knowledge of which citation styles to use. Why? Because if you use material from a particular source, you need to credit that source and provide the citation in the appropriate style. If you don’t give proper credit where it is due, you will be plagiarizing a source, and that can come with serious consequences. How many citation styles are there? There are many citation styles. These include APA citation style, MLA citation style, IEEE citation style, Turabian citation style, Vancouver citation style, ACS citation style, Harvard citation style, Chicago citation, and Oxford citation style. You must be aware of each of these. But first: It is critical that you understand some general information on citation styles and how to avoid plagiarism when writing.  And Custom-writing.org is here to help you! General tips When conducting online research for your writing assignment, you need to know what citation style you need to use. It is also critical that you understand how to avoid plagiarism. The following tips will help: Narrow down your topic: You must have a very clear idea of what you will be writing. This will guide your research and help you come up with original ideas and thoughts on the subject. Keep track of sources: It is crucial that you keep track of everything you read. You should record the full URL of every page you use and document everything you read. Record any details required by the citation style you will be using. Take notes: You need to summarize the relevant information you find from all sources you use. You can also record your thoughts on the subject matter (take care to always express them in your own words and never to use words from the original text). Mark fragments of the text: Any fragments of text you are considering citing in your paper should be clearly marked with citation marks, even if it is a single word. If you find fragments from the original source that you think you might use, you should also mark in a unique way (such as by using a different color or italics) and summarize so you will know it requires a citation should you decide to use it. Group URLs: Group the URLs and notes you are making use of in a manner that is meaningful, based on the type of information they contain. To aid you with this task, you can use special software, such as a citation manager, or you can use separate files and folders on your computer. Analyze: The key to avoiding plagiarism is to come up with original thoughts when it comes to the topic of your assignment, and you can do this only if you first analyze the materials found via research. Extract ideas from the text you read, think about them and identify their components and implications. Synthesize: This consists of connecting the various ideas you identified during your analysis and finding new relationships among them. It helps to add to your notes any new thoughts and to regroup your notes according to the new relationships.

Pronouncing Words that Begin with WH

Pronouncing Words that Begin with WH Pronouncing Words that Begin with WH Pronouncing Words that Begin with WH By Maeve Maddox Maria Cypher wrote: Can you weigh in on whether the h in -wh- words (e.g., whether, white, overwhelmed) should be pronounced? This seems to be a regional thing, but I say yes, yes, yes! (And then my friends and relatives mock me.) Im with you, Maria. At least I am on many words that begin with the letter combination wh. Many of our wh words descend from Old English originals that began with the spelling hw: hwa (who) hwaem (whom) hwael (whale) hwaether (whether) hwit (white) The sound [hw] is an aspirate, rather like the sound one makes when blowing out a candle. Its a sound I teach for the phonogram wh. Even if one speaks a dialect that pronounces the spellng wh [hw] as [w] in words like white and whet, learning the wh as a phonogram distinct from the letter w and applying it as a spelling pronunciation is useful in learning to spell correctly. Not knowing the difference can result in writing that startles or misleads: By 1600, the British and Dutch had broken the Spanish and Portuguese naval hegemony, freeing up the spice trade. But trade in spices did not wet the North American palate for hot chili peppers.YaleGlobalOnline WordNavigator.com lists 941 English words that being with the wh spelling. Many of them are different forms of the same word, for example whistle and whistling. Many are words of interest only to Scrabble players. Eliminating the Scrabble words, multiple forms of the same word, and obsolete spellings, I narrowed the list to 70 or fewer. Of this short list, some are words in which the wh has mutated to an h sound (delabialization of /hw/), ex. who, whom, and whore. (I can remember the first time I came across that third wordI was in high schooland went around trying to pronounce it with a [hw]. Talk about being laughed at†¦) Words like white, whet, and whale belong to whats called the wine/whine merger. For most English speakers, the wh in these words is pronounced as a plain w [w]. Maria and I are in the minority. And Id guess that we dont pronounce the same wh words alike. In reviewing my short list of wh words, I find that Im not at all consistent. For example, I would pronounce whizz with the [hw] in this sentence†¦ The arrow whizzed through the air. †¦but Id probably pronounce it [w] in this sentence: Charlie stepped behind the hedge to take a whizz. The only reason I can think of is that I heard the second use of the word in conversation before seeing it written. Then theres whiz as in whiz kid. That, for me, would probably take a [w] sound. Here are some words that I know I pronounce with the breathy [hw] sound†¦ whale whinny whine while whether whisper whistle whiskers †¦but I think I may pronounce these words with a plain w sound: whisky whey whittle white Ah, the mystery of language! Heres a link to all you could ever want to know about The Phonological History of wh. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative ConflictList of 50 Great Word Games for Kids and AdultsI wish I were...

How to Get the Best Dartmouth Peer Recommendation

How to Get the Best Dartmouth Peer Recommendation SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Not only is Dartmouth a very competitive school to get into, it also has an unusual requirement on its application: a letter of recommendation from a peer. This Dartmouth peer recommendation is in addition to two letters from teachers and one from a school counselor. This guide dives a little deeper into what Dartmouth is looking for in a peer recommendation, and how you can get a great one that will impress admissions officers. First, how does Dartmouth describe this special reference letter? Dartmouth's Guidelines for Peer Recommendations Dartmouth "strongly encourages" applicants to send a peer recommendation, which, when applying to such a selective school, should read as "requires." Once you have your recommender, you'll invite her to submit her letter as the "Other Recommender" on the Common Application. When most students come across this requirement, they think, "Dartmouth already has three other reference letters about me. Why does it want another one?" Good question.What exactly is Dartmouth looking for in this peer rec? According to Dartmouth, it wants to get a fresh perspective on you: "We don't want another letter from a teacher, coach, or other supervisory presence in your life; we have enough of those. Ask a peer who can provide fresh insight into your interests and your character." In terms of who qualifies as a peer, Dartmouth says it can be "a friend from school, or camp, or your neighborhood. It might be a teammate, someone from your community of faith, or a co-worker. Perhaps a cousin, a sibling: it doesn't matter." What does matter about who you ask is that this person knows you well and is qualified, by virtue of her relationship with you, to speak to your character and provide an honest and heartfelt recommendation. As Dartmouth says, "Just be sure that the person who writes your Peer Rec can express your strengths and the qualities that you have to share" and "is able to provide us with context about who you are, and what you could bring to our college community." Dartmouth is flexible about whether you ask a friend or relative, and they want someone who presents your strengths and a vision of what you'll contribute to college. Besides what Dartmouth has to say about the peer recommendation, is there anything else that makes it different from a teacher or counselor rec? How Is the Dartmouth Peer Recommendation Unique? Dartmouth is a highly selective and academically rigorous college. In its upcoming Class of 2019, 95% of the class were in the top 10% of their high school classes, and over 38% were valedictorians. That's why a lot of peer recommenders think that they need to rave about their friend's intelligence and academic feats. But that approach might be a mistake. Your teacher recommendations, along with the rest of your application, can speak to your love of learning and commitment to education. Your peer recommender, though, is a great person to talk about your character and personality, as well as to give admissions officers a sense of how you'll interact socially when you arrive to campus. Of course, your recommenders can speak to your boundless curiosity or commitment to a certain area, but they shouldn't feel confined to talking about academic ability. They don't have to emulate a teacher or counselor recommendation. Instead, they can be less formal and more personal. They can show the Dartmouth admissions committee that not only do you have the academic credentials to make it there, but you're also a caring, loyal, funny, or energetic friend. Given that the peer recommendation can focus on your awesome personal qualities and strength of character, who should you ask for this unique reference letter? Someone overwhelmed with schoolwork and college applications might not have time to write you a great letter. Who Should You Ask for a Peer Recommendation? The most important factor in choosing someone to write your peer recommendation is the strength of your relationship with that person. You should choose someone who knows you well and can write insightfully about your personality and goals. The best letters include anecdotes and examples of times that you demonstrated your strengths. Rather than just speaking about what a selfless friend you are, for example, your recommender could describe how you helped her memorize her lines for the school play every day for two weeks. Stories will both make the letter more memorable and paint a more colorful picture of who you are and what values motivate your actions. When choosing your recommender, you also want to be confident that this person admires you and will provide an outstanding, positive recommendation.If there's any potential conflict of interest - for instance, if your friend also has her heart set on getting accepted to Dartmouth - then you might want to reconsider your choice. You should feel confident that your peer recomender genuinely wants to help you get accepted and is motivated to put in the time and effort to write you an exceptional letter. Apart from choosing a close friend who knows you well and can share meaningful stories with the Dartmouth admissions committee, you should consider your friend's writing skills. Is she able to express her ideas clearly and effectively? Can she communicate a powerful endorsement that will stick out to admissions committees? Will she put in the effort to choose her words carefully and not fall into cliches? The best letters take time and effort to craft and often go through several revisions. You want to make sure your friend is able to spend time on your letter to make it the best it can be. It could also be a good idea to share guides, like this one, with your friend about peer recommendations and suggestions on what to include to make the letter stand out. Besides being thoughtful about who you choose as your recommender, what else can you do to get a great peer recommendation for your Dartmouth application? Tell your peer recommender everything she needs to know! Communicate With Your Recommender After asking your friend to write you a peer letter of recommendation, the conversation shouldn't end there!To help your recommender write you a great letter customized to Dartmouth, you should share lots of important information with her. First, make sure she understands the purpose of the peer recommendation, like how she shouldhighlight your primary strengths and personal qualities. Share with her the importance of using examples, along with explaining how she knows you and what she sees you bringing to the Dartmouth campus. Since Dartmouth is such a competitive school, you may be emphasizing a particular interest in your application or plan for future study. Your friend's recommendation can corroborate the story you're telling about yourself, as well as add to it. If you're focusing on your love of literature, for instance, then your friend could talk about the weekly book club you run or the touching poem you wrote her for her birthday. Her recommendation can complement your story and add a personal and memorable touch. She can also make sure she's not repeating too much that's already present in your application, but instead is adding the "fresh perspective" that Dartmouth's looking for. Along similar lines, you should share information about Dartmouth, if needed, so she knows more about the college you're applying to. You can tell your friend all about why you want to go there and what your goals are. Let her know how important the peer recommendation is for helping admissions officers get to know a side of you that your teachers and counselors might not show. Emphasize that peer recs don't have to focus on academic ability, but instead can shed light on personality and social skills. Recommendation letters for college are generally kept confidential, so it's your friend's decision if she wants to share the letter with you for revision or feedback. Even if she doesn't, you can share your ideas with her and help brainstorm. That way you can contribute to what ultimately goes into the letter. Be proactive about sharing resources and information with your peer recommender, and reap the benefits with an outstanding letter. Final Thoughts While a mediocre peer recommendation probably won't sink your application, a strong one could do a lot to paint you as a successful future Dartmouth student. Be thoughtful about who you choose, and make sure to give her enough time and information to do a thorough and effective job. While your peer recommender may want to keep her letter private, you can be confident that the person you asked supports you, knows you deeply, and has the skills and desire to write a great letter. Make sure your friend knows your deadlines (November 1st for early decision and January 1st for regular decision), and how to submit her letter to the Common App. Then all that's left for you to do is send her a big thank you for helping you get into this exciting school! What's Next? Are you thinking about who to ask for your teacher recommendations? Read more about who to ask for a strong letter of recommendation and exactly how to frame your request. If you're applying to a school like Dartmouth, you want to put the same careful planning into the rest of your application as you do your peer recommendation. For help in this, check out our guide on how to build a versatile college application. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Cybercrime and Digital Evidence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cybercrime and Digital Evidence - Assignment Example Nonetheless, the internet users must adopt and apply all the necessary cyber privacy policies. The currently increasing modes of cybercrimes include encryption and anonymity that are growing to advance levels. Nonetheless, computer forensic has remained a vital tool in eliminated all cybercrimes as well as convicting such related criminals including sexual predators, terrorists, and murders. Terrorists may use the internet platform to recruit members and plan their terror acts, while the sexual predators are likely to use social media sites to lure potential victims. Most of these crimes usually go undetected especially when the criminal investigation team uses technologies that were implemented before some computer technological advancements (Maras 151). However, the criminal investors must note that none is lost and they can still pursue cyber criminals even if they delete the information that may be regarded as illegal data or information. Notably, when persons use computer, they often think that when they delete such information or data, all such is erased completely. On the contrary, such files and data usually remain in the hard disc; thus, providing platform of investigating and or tracking cyber related criminal activities. Deleted file and data usually remain in the in a binary form because of â€Å"data remanence† that is also considered as residual data presentation. Extraction of such data and files are avenues that cybercrime investigators should deploy to prosecute the criminals. In fact, deleting of the file and or data is just a mere renaming the data or file and hiding it from the user. This means that the original file can still be recovered in its original content; thus, can be used for prosecution (Maras 172). Therefore, the public or persons who have experienced cybercrime related activities must not serge on the pretext that the suspected criminal has deleted the information they used against them, but they should report the same si nce such information could be retrieved for further actions. Additionally, the global position systems (GPS) software is usually embedded in the satellite a smartphones navigation systems are also modes of prosecution since they can be used to track a suspect. The GPS related information can be traced from the form manufacturers since the companies that develop this software usually develop satellite navigators; therefore, using necessary tools and technologies the computer forensic experts should liaise with the GPS developer to obtain the information that they need for crime purposes. Notably, information usually travels through internet through the GPS systems and the same is distributed through satellite. However, the use of GPS to track criminal may be turn futile since GPS software is only limited to certain address listing. In fact, the current GPS software systems do not record time when the address was achieved; thus, using them will make it difficult to determine when the alleged crime was committed. Moreover, it may be difficult to ascertain whether the address recorded in the GPS software system was automatically generated or was a mere input to implicate a person. Therefore, it would be advisable for the computer fore

Elements of an effective Leader Ulysses Grant Research Paper

Elements of an effective Leader Ulysses Grant - Research Paper Example Such is the focus of this essay. The man: Ulysses Grant Until today, scholars do not totally agree how Grant should be viewed as a leader. Though, he was esteemed a great Civil War hero and a great military commander, too; some would also say he was a butcher. Though many would say he was a major failure as a president; today some scholars are reconsidering such view, saying: â€Å"†¦ Grant was a good president; certainly a strong one† (Skidmore, 2008, p. 221). Perhaps, these opposing views could be attributed to the complex character of the man whose life was lived in the most challenging times of US history. Good thing though, scholars at least agree on five things about Grant. First, Hiram Ulysses Simpson Grant, the eldest among the six children (3 boys and 3 girls) of Jesse Root Grant and Hannah Simpson (Taylor, 2006, p. D05), is no extra-ordinary lad with an extra-ordinary life lived during challenging times. Aside from his unmatched excellence in horsemanship â€⠀œ â€Å"a skill that served him well in the Civil War, when he remained eighteen hours a day and more in the saddle without tiring, a feat that astonished his staff† (Goode, 1999, p. ... (McDowell, 2004, p. B06) His life is evidently a history of success and failure. Admirably though, in success, in failure, and even in death, Grant had consistently faced life’s challenges calmly. Second, Grant is a complex man (Bartholomees, 2002, p. 133) filled with great contradictions. Drain, the executive producer of American Experience describes him as a man hailed from an educated family, yet a school bum; a man who hates violence and the sight of blood, yet had been a brutal commander (cited in Lasner, 2002, p. 20). A man devoid of any qualities of greatness yet had saved and united this nation. A man of constant failure yet in his not so distinct previous military career had earned President Lincoln’s trust and confidence against the opposition of many, had been able to tame and discipline the seemingly hopeless rowdy Illinois regimen, and had defeated Robert E. Lee’s forces, victoriously ending the bloody Southern rebellion (Goode, 1999, p. 330; Lasner, 2002, p. 20). An honest man yet his administration were best known for many scandals involving his own people – his secretary of war (William Belknap) and private secretary (Gen. Orville Babcock). Among the major scandals that smeared his term were the Black Friday (September 24, 1869), Whiskey Ring (1875), and Belknap Bribery (1876). (Toppin, 2002, pp. 244-246) Also, a child of the frontier, a drunkard and a stern military commander, yet rarely swears using only the oath ‘doggone it’ and acts with ‘girlish modesty’. According to him, â€Å"no one had seen him naked since he was a boy.† (Goode, 1999, p.330) Third, Grant was a happy family man finding contentment and solace in the company of his wife, Julia Dent, and four

Media and Mass Communications Development on a Healthy Mature Culture Essay Example for Free

Media and Mass Communications Development on a Healthy Mature Culture Essay This argumentative essay is specially made to discuss the possibility for media and mass communication to nurture the development of a healthy, mature culture. Overall, the process of media and mass communication media development has already caused changes in the public sphere. The digitalization of media dramatically increases the chances of the people to get an access to the information, which is transferred instantly and often has not been edited by the people in government or media bosses. Thus, the information is now very complicated to control and therefore public has more opportunities to form its own opinion by comparing the facts from the different sources. The major problem, which could be seen right away, is the relation between the today’s process of media development and the actual development of a healthy culture. An assumption could be suggested that media and mass communication are able to influence the development of a healthy and mature culture, but it will require some significant changes form both media owners and their employees, as well as from society itself. Let’s de-construct the elements of the question and consider them in details in order to provide the better analysis. Strinati (2004) claims that the coming of the mass media and the increasing commercialization of culture and leisure resulted in the rise of issues, interests and debates which are still with us today. The researchers talk about culture, but what exactly is a culture? The word origin of culture or, the Latin root of the term is â€Å"colere,† meaning anything from cultivating to inhabiting, protecting, or worshipping. Modern definition of culture is the following: it is a growing sum of â€Å"knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations. † (Muller, 2005) Cultures differ depending on the mentioned elements of culture. As the examples of different cultures, the culture of Eastern and Western countries could be named. Mature† means the situation or the final condition when the full desired growth or development has been reached. â€Å"Healthy† means the robust and well condition; it is also an efficient and sound being. â€Å"Development† is a positive change; it is also a process of growth and an evolution. The word â€Å"nurture† means the act of helping to grow or develop; it is also an act of cultivation of some characteristics. â€Å"Media† are the means of communication that reach large numbers of people, for example, television, newspapers, radio and internet. In agreement to Morley (2000) the current global culture is the culture of hyper mobility where â€Å"we often engaged in border-crossings of one kind or another, but the nature and functions of borders themselves are shifting†. (Morley,2000) We live in the information economy era, in the era of new progressive technologies and communications that break the borders, in the times of social and economic evolution, the public sphere experiences new challenges and face new opportunities in this world full of complexity. Without a doubt the influence of modern mass communication over the culture is considerable. The shifts in the social and other aspects that are influenced by the spread of technologies and new media are powerful and they change our lifestyle, our habits and hobbies: they change the way we are living. Power and Scott (2004), argue the significance of mass media technology for economic and social life may be shown by considering certain developments of the 21st century. The situation in the 21st century in terms of the cultural development and its influence on people is much more complex than ever before. The introduction of internet has a significant influence over business and education because it provides greater learning opportunities than ever before. It is clear that the benefits of new technologies and mass communication for the education are enormous. Many experts claim that media influence the way we live in both positive and negative ways. An individual that aims to gain a significant social success almost can’t achieve it without at least slight use of the information gained through mass communication. Therefore these options can’t be ignored because they affect the majority of spheres of life and bring certain experience of social change. The development of mass media presents some outstanding social opportunities. But at the same time, the successful rise of mass media has also brought up concerns about the negative consequences of its spreading. There no doubt that mass communications and media have the tremendous influence over society and its culture. Bloomfield, Coombs Knights, 2000) These changes lead to â€Å"new era economics† also known as a knowledge economy, non-linear effects, an unpredictable future, a redefinition of terms, time/distance changes, and much greater transparency. (Bloomfield, Coombs Knights, 2000) Without a doubt, media sector experience dramatic transformations both in terms of the access to the information, the speed of the information spreading throughout the world and the increasing inability to control the information by the media o wners or the government institutions. The processes of total digitalization and media convergence have started in 2000s and the majority of mass media indicate the possibility of turning the print media into fully digital forms by 2020 or 2025. Digital media has potentially revolutionary impact on the lifestyle of society. There is also an idea that media development and digital revolution are the ways â€Å"into an unknown and fundamentally changed future. † (Feldman, 1997) New media and new way of communications not only influence the culture of society, but they also change the way and manners of the socialization of its members. The major advantage of electronic communication and information technologies is the capability to transfer the information faster, at a lower cost, and to more people while also offering increased data communality, and processing. Another important aspect in which the media and mass communication can influence and nurture the development of a new healthy culture is the improved opportunity of learning by obtaining necessary information much faster and easier than ever before. Information acquisition is the process by which information is obtained from the environment and added to the collective stock of knowledge of a person or society in general. Fast information distribution provided by the modern mass communication allows sharing information sources among members of society freely, without the governmental control. The new mass communication also store information, and it plays a critical role in the development of culture, since socially accepted past experiences need to be accumulated for future use.

Twelve Angry Men Plot Essay -- essays research papers

Plot: â€Å"Twelve Angry Men† is an interesting and exciting jury-room confrontation in which an "open and shut case" becomes strenuous as twelve strangers scuffle for answers. The trial involves a nineteen-year-old boy, who is suspect of killing his father in a late-night altercation with an extraordinary knife. His fate now lies in the hands of 12 jurors, each with his own determination to solve the case and reveal the truth. As the session takes its course, evidence becomes scrutinised, tempers rise, and the jury room erupts in a shouting brawl because one such juror finds reasonable doubts in the two testimonies that were deemed credible enough to convict. In his fight for an acquittal, the singled out juror found that the testimonial evidence was not only unreliable, but the timely fashion in which both the man and the woman alleged to have seen and heard the defendant were by far insufficient. Upon reaction to his vote, the dubious jurors immediately began que stioning the man, not understanding how he could possibly think that way. Nevertheless, the adamant juror held his ground and the votes were: 11 guilty, and 1 not guilty, but the decision had to be unanimous. Character: First there were those that couldn't care less about the outcome, then there was Davis, the tenacious juror who held a firm grip onto the possibility of reasonable doubt in the case. He demonstrated his personal strength of mind and tried eliminating any individual prejudices for the best po...

Wikileaks Case Study

Case Facts: †¢WikiLeaks is an international, online, self-proclaimed not-for-profit organisation that publishes submissions of undisclosed and secret information, news leaks, and highly classified media from anonymous sources and whistleblowers. †¢The head of the online organisation, which was founded in 2006, is Australian born, Julian Assange. †¢Its purpose is to provide whistleblowers with a domain to publish their case to the public and preserve their identity (Lennon 2010). †¢Exposes various government and privately owned organisations. First major act of exposure was the publication of Republican vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin's emails by WikiLeaks (DeFraia 2012). †¢Another act of exposure released on its website showed a US military helicopter firing at a group of enemy suspects, which were in fact Iraqi civilians including children (DeFraia 2012). †¢Since the release of this video, WikiLeaks has publicly aired millions of confidential pu blications (WikiLeaks 2012). †¢WikiLeaks publishes war logs from Iraq: 400,000 confidential US documents on the Iraq war from 2004 to 2009 (DeFraia 2012). Interpol put Julian Assange on most-wanted list. Suspected of rape. As a result, Paypal cuts off WikiLeaks from using its services, thus ceasing donations (DeFraia 2012). DECISION MAKER: A decision maker by definition is someone who administers a business (Farlex 2012). In the case of WikiLeaks, according to the definition, this would be Julian Assange as he is the head of the WikiLeaks organisation. Ultimately it is Assange’s decision to release classified information to the general public through his website. ETHICAL ISSUES AND ASSUMPTIONS:The assumption that can be made in this case is that Julian Assange was always aiming to smear the reputation of certain organisations and expose classified information. His WikiLeaks website provided him with the medium to do this as it allowed people wanting to expose classified information to do so as an anonymous source. The controversy surrounding the WikiLeaks case, and discussion by the general public, centres on whether it is ethical to release private and confidential information to society. This is the main issue that the organisations that are being exposed are arguing as it is damaging to their reputation.Another issue is that from the perspective of the organisations that are hiding this confidential information. Should they be ethically bound to release all information that may affect the general public to society? In reality, WikiLeaks is acting unethically by invading people’s privacy in order to expose them, and is it really to the benefit of society? However, they argue that what they do is public disclosure whistleblowing, and they argue that the public has a right to know what its government is doing (Cox 2010). ETHICAL DILEMMA: The ethical dilemma in this case is found to be: To release classified information to the general publicO R Not to release classified information to the general public These two dilemmas have undesirable outcomes for the decision maker and all parties concerned. Releasing the information to the general public will cause continued criticism of WikiLeaks plus create a backlash for the organisations involved. To not release classified information to the general public could see organisations continue to get away with unethical acts. UTILITARIANISM: There are numerous parties who are directly and indirectly affected by both considered actions. These groups are: †¢Julian Assange †¢General public Informants releasing information to WikiLeaks (Whistleblowers) †¢Targeted organisations †¢Employees of targeted companies/organisations †¢WikiLeaks employees From a utilitarian framework point of view all of the above mentioned stakeholders need to be analysed on how the ethical dilemma will affect each of them. There will be positive and negative consequences for each of the parties, be it in the long term or short term. To release classified information to the general public †¢Julian Assange oReceive ongoing criticism and scrutiny from affected parties – short/long term oContinued support from whistleblowers – long term General public oWill continue to be informed about unethical practices by certain companies and organisations – long term oIncreased scepticism of large organisations and governments – long term †¢Whistleblowers oContinued support of WikiLeaks as a medium for publication of classified information – long term oEasy and anonymous alternative to traditional whistleblowing – short term †¢Targeted organisations oLoss of reputation because of the revelation of unethical practices – short/long term oMistrust from the public in the organisation because of unethical practices – short/long term oLoss of productivity – short/long term Employees of targeted organisations oAffected through downturn of productivity, which may result in them being made redundant/sacked – short/long term †¢WikiLeaks employees oRetain employment – long term Not to release classified information to the general public †¢Julian Assange oNo information to release – long term oCease in funding – long term oTermination of WikiLeaks as an organisation †¢General public oWon’t be made aware of unethical practices – long term †¢Whistleblowers oLose the medium to anonymously expose organisations partaking in unethical acts – long term †¢Targeted organisations Confidential information remains classified – long term oMaintain positive productivity – long term oReputation remains intact – long term †¢Employees of targeted organisations oWill maintain employment – long term †¢WikiLeaks employees oWill lose their jobs – long term Recommendation: When applying the utili tarianism framework to the ethical dilemma, the greatest good for the greatest number applies. In this case, the greatest good for the greatest number would be for WikiLeaks to release the classified information to the general public as they are the greatest number.This decision would negatively affect the organisations that are being exposed as well as their employees. Even though employees at these firms may subsequently lose their jobs because of the exposure of confidential information, the general public will be the greater benefactor as they will be made aware of the immoral actions of these organisations and thus be more cautious when it comes to interacting with them. Therefore I recommend the release of information to the general public. KANTIANISM: From a Kantian view point, the decision maker is obligated to act in the best interests of the general public as they are the main stakeholders.From the ethical dilemma, which is either to release classified information to the g eneral public or not to release classified information to the general public, two maxims are developed. In this case they are: To always be honest with the general public Or To never be honest with the general public Applying the Categorical Imperative: To always be honest with the general public The above maxim passes the universalisable test, as every organisation must always be honest with the general public, as then organisations will always be trusted and maintain a high standard of integrity.The maxim, to always be honest with the general public, also passes the Respect for Persons test, as the decision maker is being honest to the public and fulfilling his duty by respecting them as people. This maxim also passes the autonomy of rational beings assessment as it is not restricting their right to freedom of information. This action passes all the Categorical Imperative criteria, thus the maxim is ethical. To never be honest with the general public Again, using the universalisab le test, the second maxim does not pass.If every organisation is dishonest then this will lead to distrust of organisations concerned by the general public. As for the respect for persons test, this maxim also fails. As honesty is a sign of respect, then being dishonest to the general public is not respecting them as human beings. The last Categorical Imperative, autonomy of rational beings, also fails because the intent of the decision maker is to supply honest information to the general public, which in this case he would not do. Overall, this maxim fails in all three Categorical Imperative criteria, thus the action in unethical. Recommendation:From a Kantianism point of view, a maxim must pass all three Categorical Imperative tests in order for it to be declared ethical. In this case, the second maxim failed to pass all three tests and therefore cannot be judged ethical. However, the first maxim, to be honest with the general public, passed all three criteria and therefore can be determined as an ethical course of action for the decision maker. With regard to the case, the recommendation would be for WikiLeaks and Julian Assange to release classified information to the general public. RIGHTS ANALYSIS: The below rights are concerned with this ethical dilemma:Julian Assange †¢The negative right to freedom of speech, which obligates others not to take this right away from him. †¢The negative right to autonomy, which obligates other people to abstain from taking this right away from him. Informants releasing information to WikiLeaks (Whistleblowers) †¢The negative right to freedom of speech, which obligates others not to take this right away. †¢The negative right to autonomy, which obligates other people to abstain from denying this right. Targeted organisations †¢The negative right to confidentiality, which obligates others to refrain from denying them this right. The negative right to make decisions from a business perspective, which obligates others to resist from taking this away from them. †¢The negative right to autonomy, which obligates other people to abstain from denying this right. General public †¢The positive right to freedom of information, which obligates others not to deny them of this right. Clash: Under the rights framework, there is a clash between Julian Assange’s right to freedom of speech and the targeted organisation’s right to confidentiality. Recommendation: Due to the clash, it must be determined which right overrides the other.The targeted organisation’s right to confidentiality is deemed to be more important in the scheme of the situation in relation to Assange’s right to freedom of speech by releasing the information. As the information that the organisations are keeping confidential is often very sensitive, Assange must respect this right of these organisations. Therefore, it is recommended that the decision maker (Assange) not release the informat ion under the rights framework. CONFUCIAN ETHICS: Using this ethical framework, the ethical dilemma must be analysed against the relevant Confucian virtues. Ren:This virtue relates to humaneness with the goal of benefiting a workplace, community, sub-group or any relevant stakeholders. In relation to the case, Julian Assange can be seen to be acting humanely by informing the community of the wrongdoings of the organisations concerned. Yi: This virtue relates to righteousness or justice and involves doing what is ethically just in a certain situation, particularly from a business sense. In relation to the case, Assange is acting as a moral character by considering what is best for the general public and in turn acting justly and rightly by releasing the classified information to the public.Xin: This virtue relates to integrity and faithfulness. In relation to the case, Assange is acting with integrity by exposing wrongdoings to the general public and thus acting in adherence to moral and ethical principles. He is also displaying faithfulness to WikiLeaks followers as he continues to release information even though he is under scrutiny from various areas of society. Recommendation: In examining the case study against the relevant Confucian virtues it can be recommended that it would be appropriate for Julian Assange to release the information to the general public.In following the golden rule, do not do to others what you would not like done to yourself, I would not like important information kept from me. Therefore Assange is acting in accordance with this framework by releasing the information. FINAL RECOMMENDATION: In summary, after analysing the ethical dilemma against the four ethical frameworks, it can be concluded that the morally just course of action for the decision maker, Julian Assange, would be to release classified information to the general public. All four frameworks produced the same outcome through their different processes.From the organisatio ns’ viewpoint, they would like to keep the publications as classified as possible, however it is impossible for them to prevent parties who are aware of the information informing WikiLeaks of the wrongdoings. The act of supplying information to WikiLeaks is becoming increasingly popular because of the anonymous factor and is becoming a more favoured way of whistleblowing as there are no repercussions. A mitigation strategy for this case is not exactly clear cut. It’s hard for WikiLeaks to find an effective strategy that is as impactful and informative to the public.The strategy I have decided on is that Assange can inform the relevant authorities in a private manner if any organisations have demonstrated illegal activities, and only report on specific activities that are illegal. This will mean that the organisations that do have confidential information to protect will remain confidential. This strategy will also mean that the whistleblower will remain anonymous. This is a strategy similar to WikiLeaks, however it will mean that only the illegal actions are exposed and reported to the necessary authorities for them to announce to the general public. REFERENCES:Cox, T 2010, ‘Is WikiLeaks brave or unethical? ’, National Public Radio, 10 November 2010, viewed 21 September 2012. ; http://www. npr. org/2010/11/30/131699467/is-wikileaks-release-brave-or-unethical; DeFraia, D 2012, ‘WikiLeaks Timeline: key moments’, Global Post, 16 August 2012, viewed 21 September 2012. Farlex Inc 2012, Princeton University USA, viewed 22 September 2012. Lennon, R 2010, ‘Case Study of the WikiLeaks Whistleblower’, Dublin City University, viewed 21 September 2012. ; http://www. ruairi. info/ethics. pdf; WikiLeaks 2012, no source recorded, viewed 21 September 2012. ; http://wikileaks. org/;

Discuss the Character and Functions of Sandra Essay

â€Å"Beautiful Thing† is set in London this is used to illustrate what Sandra’s character is like. Sandra Gangle is a tough middle class woman, who lives in a tidy council flat in South London. Sandra is house proud she likes everything in it to be nice looking. An example of this is the hanging baskets hanging on the wall out side her house. Sandra also looks after her self we can tell this by the Body Shop products on the floor. Sandra has many roles in this play, which include being mother, neighbour, barmaid, single parent, workingwoman and a girlfriend. Sandra is a survivor in the sense that she is bringing up a son all on her own and she has to pay for every thing her self. â€Å"When I had three pee in my purse I went robbing for that boy† This Indicates Sandra’s loyalty towards to her son, and how much she cares for him and tries to provide for him. An alternative example of how deprived Sandra was that â€Å"I couldn’t afford a cot† This proves that however much Sandra tried and robbed she still couldn’t afford the basics. Sandra is also very abusive, using foul language to insult people. A good example of Sandra’s abusive language is the first word of the play, which is â€Å"SLAG.† This shows a major part of Sandra’s character and is used to set the scene for the rest of the story. Although Sandra uses foul language she prevents Jamie using it by saying â€Å"Language, Jamie!† when he tells Leah â€Å"I don’t need fuckin’ ‘elp.† This is because it is disrespectful to use to bad language and she wants to bring him up to the best of her ability. Foul language is mainly used to add tension to the story. Sandra character is harsh in the way that she talks to people. This can be demonstrated by the way she talks to Leah on several occasions â€Å"Face facts Leah, no bugger wants you† and â€Å"shut up† By saying this Sandra is being tactless and insensitive towards Leah’s feelings. Sandra is most thoughtless towards Leah. Sandra is also harsh in the way she describes Steve’s father â€Å"We all know his dad leathers him, I’m only having a laugh.† This is used to demonstrate how heartless and insensitive Sandra really is. Steve’s father was very aggressive towards him on numerous occasions. He punches him for know reason and even threw him out once for burning the toast. One time when Steve was thrown out he went round to see Sandra to explain what had happened to him. The type of caring person that Sandra is she took him in. After listening to Steve she told him he could stay the night. Then said this to Steve’s dad â€Å"Your little Steven’s round at our place tonight. I’ve every mind to report you.† This shows the sensitive and caring side that Sandra has. Among all Sandra’s responsibilities she tries her best to monitor Jamie’s progress at school. Sandra makes sure of this by the phrase â€Å"I shall be checking your homework when I get in.† This is to ensure he is doing well. Sandra is also very unreliable like when she is supposed to check Jamie’s homework she doesn’t even though she promises too do so. Telling Jamie â€Å"Ooh, Sod that, I’m knackered† gives a mixed impression that she is trying her best to provide money but is short of time due to working, and this is why she is tired. Another shocking point is that Sandra is incredibly judgemental. Coming to negative conclusions without thinking about the consequences and affects that it has on other people. Sandra proves her character is judgemental by telling Leah â€Å"A Leopard never changes its spots and a slapper never changes her knickers.† An alternative example of Sandra being judgmental is when she tells Jamie â€Å"I want you inside. She’s a bad influence.† Both these quotes prove how Sandra is quick to form an unpleasant opinion of someone. Additionally Sandra is also extremely boastful and is keen to tell others about her achievements. Bragging to a group of friends telling them â€Å"I won that hanging basket in the south east Thames barmaid at the year awards.† Sandra is proving that she is significantly more than an average barmaid the proof of this was winning the award.

Literary Terms Figurative Language Essay Example

Literary Terms Figurative Language Essay Example Literary Terms Figurative Language Paper Literary Terms Figurative Language Paper Essay Topic: Literature literal language language that means exactly what it says figurative language writing or speech that is not meant to be taken literally (same as figure of speech) figure of speech A word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and is not meant to be taken on a literal level simile comparison using like or as metaphor a comparison of two unlike things without using the word like or as. extended metaphor a metaphor which extends over several lines or an entire poem conceit extended metaphor hyperbole an extreme exaggeration personification giving human qualities to animals or objects irony the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning verbal irony occurs when what is said contradicts what is meant or thought, The contrast between what is said and what is actually meant. irony of situation this refers to a happening that is the opposite of what is expected or intended (same as situational irony) dramatic irony In this type of irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work euphemism a mild, indirect, or vague term substituting for a harsh, blunt, or offensive term apostrophe a figure of speech in which one directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, or some abstraction metonymy a figure of speech that uses the name of an object, person, or idea to represent something with which it is associated, such as using the crown to refer to a monarch ; Also, The pen is mightier than the sword. antithesis a statement in which two opposing ideas are balanced synecdoche a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part idiom An expression that cannot be understood if taken literally (ex- Get your head out of the clouds). symbolism A device in literature where an object represents an idea. oxymoron a figure of speech consisting of two apparently contradictory terms paradox A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. cliche a worn-out idea or overused expression

Synonyms for Think

Synonyms for Think Synonyms for Think Synonyms for Think By Mark Nichol The bland verb think (from the Old English word thencan, and cognate with thank) is easily supplanted by any one of an impressive assortment of synonyms, each of which has a precise connotation think cannot match. Here are some to think about. To cogitate is to think deeply and intently; the root of the word, which is unrelated to cognition (which refers to knowledge rather than thinking), stems from agitare (meaning â€Å"drive†), from which we also get agitate. Contemplate connotes thought that is extensive as well as deep; another sense is â€Å"view as possible or probable.† The root of contemplatus, the Latin source word, is templum, the word for a place where omens are observed; it is cognate with temple. Deliberate means to think carefully, as implied by its source, the adjective deliberate. An additional sense is â€Å"discuss before making a decision,† as when a legislative body meets to decide about whether to pass a law. (The derivation is from deliberare, meaning â€Å"consider carefully,† the root is possibly libra, meaning â€Å"pound† or â€Å"scale,† with the sense of weighing.) To meditate is to focus one’s thoughts on something; the word, which can, alternatively, allude to planning, also refers to a mental exercise conducted in order to achieve a high state of spiritual awareness. (Meditate is derived from the Latin verb mederi, meaning â€Å"remedy,† and is related to medical and medicine.) Mull, from the Middle English noun mul, meaning â€Å"dust,† is cognate with meal and refers not only to lengthy consideration but also to grinding. Ponder has the connotation of carefully weighing a problem (as a matter of fact, ponder stems from the Latin verb ponderare, meaning â€Å"weigh,† and is related to ponderous), with the implication of extended inconclusive thinking. A similar term with the same etymological origin is perpend. Reflect means, among other things, â€Å"think calmly and quietly†; its root is from flectere (meaning â€Å"bend†), which is also the source of flex. To ruminate is to slowly and repeatedly go over something as if chewing it like a ruminant, a type of animal, such as a cow, that chews its food over and over again. (The word stems from the Latin term rumen, the name in that language and in English for part of a cow’s stomach.) â€Å"Chew over† is an informal synonym. Others include the word eye and the phrases â€Å"kick around,† â€Å"pore over,† and â€Å"wrestle with.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)A While vs Awhile3 Types of Essays Are Models for Professional Writing Forms

The value of leadership in the contemporary healthcare organisations Essay

The value of leadership in the contemporary healthcare organisations - Essay Example The research paper â€Å"The value of leadership in the contemporary healthcare organizations† highlights the leadership issues of human resource management and the leadership of clinicians and other stakeholders. The National Health Service (NHS) in the UK is faced daily with issues that make service delivery more and more challenging. These problems bare a direct effect on the health of every individual, because if the Healthcare organs function in a strain it would transcend into less quality services provided. Healthcare workers include various professionals from Doctors, nurses, administrators and sundry other stakeholders who are relevant to the delivery of good Healthcare are affected by the issues of funding, inadequate or shortage of manpower. However in the NHS one major clog in the wheel of adequate, humane healthcare delivery is the issue of personnel. Due to the nature of synergistic collaboration needed to provide adequate services at these organisations, human r esources management must be at the most efficient level. Bickering among stakeholders from Government agents to Medical staff has escalated, assuming alarming proportions. Therefore the importance of rightly qualified persons to handle all aspects of healthcare institutions is all too clear. Every healthcare worker should know what values they are supposed to believe in and strive for. Leadership will be seen to be failing if it is not setting the right examples. A good manager must know how and when to use any style of Leadership.

Risk analysis HW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk analysis HW - Assignment Example Data complexity:-unstructured data are hard to handle and is triggered mostly by the various ways of generating data such as images and videos. From various sources such as tablet or smartphones and that they are hard to process because they are unstructured (Charles, 2011). Storage and publishing:- the storage o large amounts of data require large storage capacity and large storage distribution system which supports the given network used in the data analysis, storage and transfer (Charles, 2011). 2) a generally applicable analysis framework with appropriate new technique innovations, which can carry out system level risk analysis accounting for data incompleteness and heterogeneity, regardless the system logic structure. The system will be quite effective if the various components are protected from moisture and dust so that they do knock during the operations of the system. They should as well be cleaned regularly using the recommended wipe so that they do not get moisturized. Various soft wares should be installed into the system Justas the framework highlights so that the data processing is speeded up and there should be a lot of interlinking the departments in an organization. In this, there is need to have intranet and internet connectivity within an organization with a lot of e-filing being done for quick retrieval and safety storage. The installed software will make complex operations to seem lighter and they will be efficient. The staff that should be in operation should possess the desired skills and knowledge on computerization and technology so that the data are not mishandled due to

Velocity Distribution of a Circular Air Jet Lab Report

Velocity Distribution of a Circular Air Jet - Lab Report Example 7.3 Repeat the procedure for x=10D 7.4 The graphs should be symmetrical about the centerline. Decide for which graph, which value for y is at the center so that by subtraction, it is possible to plot V against radius r, measured from the centerline of the jet. 8 Analysis 8.1 Replot small versions of the three v, y curves on a plan view, identify and label (i) the edge of the jet (ii) the core, in which the air velocity is v0 (iii) the mixing region, where v is less than v0 8.2 From the plan view measure the divergence angle of the jet 8.3 Plot the centerline velocity distribution 8.4 Calculate q0, the volume flow rate leaving the nozzle, in m3s-3. It reasonable to assume that v0 is constant in the nozzle exit plane. 8.5 Calculate q10, the volume flow rate at x = 10D. In this case the air velocity is not constant thus it is necessary to integrate to find the volume flow rate. 9. Results of the air jet experiment: Air Jet v distribution x=1D pitot position (mm) inches mm 0 0.875 22.225 20 0.87 22.098 40 0.875 22.225 60 0.875 22.225 80 0.86 21.884 100 0.8 20.32 150 0.61 15.494 200 0.44 11.176 250 0.24 6.096 300 0.24 6.096 350 0.18 4.572 400 0.145 3.683 450 0.11 2.794 Air Jet v distribution x=2D pitot position (mm) inches mm 0 0 0 10 0.01 2.254 15 0.09 2.286 20 0.51 12.954 25 0.84 21.336 30 0.84 21.336 35 0.795 20.193 40 0.765 19.431 45 0.48 12.192 50 0.12 3.048 55 0.05 1.27 60 0 0 Air Jet v distribution x=10D pitot position...However, in this experiment the error can be considered as negligible A fan supplies air to a nozzle, which can provide a circular uniform jet of air. The nozzle is 30 mm in diameter. The velocity distribution in the jet is measured using a pitot static tube. The Pitot-static tube can be traversed across the jet diameter and also across its length by sliding the support against a millimeter scale to record its position. The pitot static tube is connected to an inclined manometer. 7.2 Measure the air velocity at points along the horizontal diameter at x=2D. Plot the variation of v with y as you take your readings. Use your judgment over how many points you need, ensuring that you locate the endpoints at the edge of the jet 7.4 The graphs should be symmetrical about the centerline. Decide for which graph, which value for y is at the center so that by subtraction, it is possible to plot V against radius r, measured from the centerline of the jet. The pressure in the center of the jet is higher at the point of origin. The pressure stabilizes further away to the point of origin to match the surrounding pressure and hence the jet spreads out as it flows in order to reduce its density.

A Strategic Analysis Of J Sainsbury Marketing Essay

A Strategic Analysis Of J Sainsbury Marketing Essay J Sainsbury plc  consists of Sainsburys a chain of 509 supermarkets and 276 convenience stores, Sainsburys online, Sainsburys property and Sainsburys Bank. Sainsburys Supermarkets is the UKs longest standing major food retailing chain, which opened its first store in 1869. The Sainsburys brand is built upon a heritage of providing customers with healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food. Today it differentiates itself by offering a broad range of great quality products at fair prices with particular emphasis on fresh food, a strong ethical approach to business and continuous leadership and innovation. At Sainsburys products are improved and developed to ensure the company leads in terms of the ingredients used and integrity of sourcing. Sainsburys goal  is to improve quality shopping experience for customers with great products at fair prices. Their aim is to exceed customer expectations for healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food, making the customers lives easier every day. Sainsburys brand Values-passion for healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food, their focus is on delivering great products at fair prices, they have a history of innovation and leadership and a strong regard for the social, ethical and environmental effects of their operation, and this has continued to stand the test of time. Sainsburys five principles are at the core of their business:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The best for food and health  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sourcing with integrity  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Respect for our environment  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Making a positive difference to our community  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A great place to work. And at Sainsburys they believe that these principles provide differentiation from their major competitors and define and direct all their activities. Sainsburys business priorities are:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Great food at fair prices  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Accelerating growth of complementary non-food ranges  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reaching more customers through additional channels  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Growing supermarket space  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Active property management The organisation that has been selected to examine and analyse is Sainsburys.  Ã‚   Sainsburys has started its journey in 1869 and since then it has gradually established itself as the third largest supermarket chain in UK. Over the past few years its parent company   J Sainsbury plc   has prolonged its business and now owns a whole range of other companies like Sainsburys Supermarkets, Sainsburys Local, Bells Stores, Jacksons Stores and JB Beaumont, Sainsburys Online and Sainsburys Bank. The increasing figures of Sainsburys  Ã‚   global sales and purchasing operations contributes to a significant rise in the business competence and productivity. However, this report will be examining Sainsburys position in the retail industry, explaining the role of interaction within the macro and micro environment, drawing up a detailed competitive advantage of the organisation and the strategies that influence the business policies to survive in the competitive market. Analysis of Financial data Gross Profit Margin (GPM)- Due to the intense competition in the supermarket industry margins are generally low. See the following table for comparators which shows relatively poor margins for Sainsbury even compared to other retailers ; Company Industry ROA Profit Margin Marks Spencer Retailer and Financial Services 4.43% 3.91% J Sainsbury Retailer and Financial Services 5.60% 3.61% Thorntons Retailer of Chocolates etc 8.43% 6.45% Next Retailer of Clothing 26.14% 13.82% Dixons Group Retailer of Electronic etc Goods 19.78% 14.41% Yates Group Retailer of Food 9.13% 13.34% Safeway Retailer of Food 7.24% 4.14% Morrisons Retailer of Food 12.93% 5.87% Tesco Retailer of Food and Household Goods 9.99% 5.72% Strategic analysis of Sainsbury PLC using Porters 5-Force Model SWOT Analysis A  SWOT Analysis  is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the  Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,  and  Threats  of an organization. With the help of this SWOT analysis we will be able to find out the positives and negatives of Sainsburys. Strengths: Sainsburys has had thirteen straight quarters of growth showing real turnaround in its business. Even for 2007 it has shown an increase of 7% in turnover and a huge 450% increase in profit after tax (Annual Report 2007).It has an extremely experienced leadership team. Sainsburys seems to be very well placed on green and environmental issues due to its various recent initiatives, like buying fair-trade bananas (economist.com 2008 [online]). Furthermore its help in closing down gang master has had a positive effect on the public in general. It has a positive consumer brand and its liked by both green activists and consumers. It is one supermarket chain that has a clear celebrity endorsing products, leading to increased sales. With Jamie Oliver, it has been simple for Sainsburys to see uplifts in sales of specific ingredients that have been featured in ad campaigns. The supermarket had to order nine tons the equivalent of two years supply of nutmeg to meet demand when it appeared in one of Jamie Olivers ads. Weakness: The takeover bid by the Qataris Private equity firm last year can have some implications as people are gravitating towards British companies and the prospect of Sainsburys being governed by a foreign firm can lead to consumers switching loyalties. Unlike Tescos expansion plan (economist.com [online] 2008), Sainsburys is not present in markets other than the UK. This can lead to trouble especially if there is some problem within food retailing in the UK or if there needs to be a source of extra growth. Opportunities: Sainsburys alternative business presents a great opportunity for future growth. Its investments in property and a goal of  £40 million profit through its bank seem like a good strategy to pursue. Online sales are a great opportunity as well, since online margins are higher and investments are not huge. Threats: There needs to be continuous heavy investment in environmental and green issues without immediate benefits. The problem lies in maintaining a balance e.g. Bio-fuel is an important tool to curb global emissions and its use affects Sainsburys supply chain directly, so Sainsburys should support it. However, a spurt in bio-fuels has made corn dearer (independent.co.uk [online] 2008) affecting its prices within the UK and making Sainsburys consumers bear the brunt. Sainsburys operations are subject to a broad spectrum of regulatory requirements particularly in relation to planning, competition and environmental issues, employment, pensions and tax laws and in terms of regulations over the groups products and services. This  concludes  that with the help of this SWOT analysis Sainsbury would now know where they stand. This will also allow them work on their opportunities, weaknesses and threats and build up on their strengths giving them a cutting edge. Macro-Environment: At this present phenomenon the nature of the retail industry is changing its image dramatically and the importance to survive with the competitors and remain as a leading company in the market has reached its highest peak. However, there are some issues which may have some impacts on the business.    Political factors: At present the changing trend of globalised business could be a challenge as well as an opportunity for the Sainsburys because they would have to compete against new forces from all over the world to maintain best quality of the products and services they offer. Customer may get a negative impression because of the investigation going on price fixing as Sainsburys is listed in the top four retailers in UK (Rigby 2008). The UK Government is to reduce corporation tax rates from 30% to 28%, which will help Sainsbury, to save large amount of money (HM Treasury 2008).    Economical factors: The rising food prices because of global food crisis may have impacts on the business of Sainsburys as it will definitely increase their purchasing and production cost (economist.com 2008). And eventually it will increase the overall price of the products in the super market     Supply chain of Sainsburys may get affected with the rising cost of fuel which may lead to an overall increase in prices.   The credit crunch will cut the purchasing power of the consumers as they would have less money to spend on luxury products. Therefore, automatically it is going to decrease profit margins for Sainsburys. On the other hand Sainsburys operates financial services company with HBOS (Annual Report 2007) and also a bank. However, both of are directed affected due to recession. As the competition in the market is really high other big competitors like ASDA ,TESCO ,MORRISON ,LIDL , ALDI are cutting down their product prices and giving lot of incentives to customer which may bound Sainsburys to drop their prices to survive in the market. (Annual Report 2008) SOCIAL FACTORS: Sainsburys may introduce new recipes to cook easy and healthy food because now a days consumers tend to eat fresh food and   seem to be more health conscious. According to the health department the obesity rate in UK is increasing (department of health 2008). And because of that reason the UK government has emphasised on healthy eating (eatwell.gov.uk 2008) which gives Sainsburys to an opportunity to manufacture more healthy foods at a cheaper price to match the ongoing trend. Technological: It is predicted that by 2011 the online retail sales in Europe will hit approximately 263 Billion Euro because of the rapid increase of internet shopping in which the shoppers in UK may accounting for more than a third of all revenue.   Sainsburys can take the advantage of utilizing internet as an advertising media as 8% of the global advertising is spent on the internet and the percentage is increasing day by day (The Economist, 2007).  It will be very cost effective and help the company to globalize very easily. Self checkout machines may increase customer loyalty as they dont have to wait in long queues sometimes for very few products. It saves their time and increase comfort while shopping. It can also be very cost effective as it will require less worker to work and can be in operated 24 hour shops which will boost up the sales figure. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) is a new technology yet to be popular but can play vital role in supply chain management fort the company. It can benefit big companies like Sainsburys to save their valuable time as it requires less inventory and offers more efficiency. (Directions magazine 2008) Environmental factors Environmental factors are one of the key issues these days.   Every company has to ensure that they contribute in reducing carbon footprint and to increase energy efficiency (Bream 2008) which means big companies like Sainsburys would have to invest more money to sort out Green issues. With the growing ethical issues such as selling organic foods and treating animals in a good way may have impacts on the business of Sainsburys because they would have to retain their customers   and   balance their pricing after   maintain all the environmental issues. Legal factors: Sainsburys would have to develop its packaging and labelling policies to meet all the implications of LAW on food and drinks. Which will add extra cost to their overall budget. As Sainsburys operate a bank and is involved with financial services they would have to be more concerned about the legal issues and risks involved with their business. Porters 5 Forces Competitive rivalry-The retail market is enormously competitive with a very crowded market. Now, as more and more companies are trying to get into non food sectors it further intensifies the competition. Sainsburys has a market share of 14.9% in 2007, steadily increasing since its restructuring programme that started in 2004 (Annual Report 2007). This is a positive trend but it lags well behind the runaway market leader Tesco, showing that there is considerable distance to cover. Tesco, Asda, and Morrisons are the other three big supermarket chains in the UK retail sector. All of them have a different competitive advantage over their competitors. Sainsburys reach in the convenience stores makes it have a larger customer reach. Banks and building societies compete with Sainsbury bank but it is not a core business for Sainsburys. Barriers for entry-Barriers to entry are extremely high in the food retail market due to a number of factors. Firstly, organised retail is amongst the most sophisticated sectors within the UK and needs a lot of investment, along with significant brand development, which takes years to establish. Secondly, retail is also at an advanced stage within the UK and most of the western world, which means there is little scope for new entrants to establish themselves. Local knowledge is extremely crucial within the food retail sector, something that is difficult for foreign firms to replicate. This is corroborated by the presence of few global supermarkets within UK. Threats of Substitutes-  The threat of substitutes in the food retail industry is a low one simply because consumers view it as a necessity, especially in the developed world and increasingly in the emerging markets. The retail market is always trying to converge and assimilate new innovations with respect to food products or alternative businesses, to make shopping an extremely pleasurable experience. This makes them extremely difficult to substitute. The only major threat of substitute is an internal industry threat whereby one supermarket can lap up the business of other supermarkets. Buyer power-  Buyer power is high in this industry simply due to the presence of so many competitors selling the same products. It is only differentiated in price and consumer loyalty and increasingly on green credentials. Moreover, the switching costs are low for consumers. As the economy goes further towards recession consumers needs are likely to be given more weight, increasing their power considerably. Supplier power-  Supplier power is usually more complicated as it is difficult to categorise it. It is safe to call it a mutually dependent relationship as suppliers are in itself huge companies, like PG, Unilever, Cadbury etc. with huge brand appeal. It can be argued that if supermarkets do not sell their products consumers will shift loyalties, making suppliers very powerful. However, if the products of big companies do not reach supermarkets, their sales volumes will be affected hugely. The relationship might change depending on the situation of the big branded supplier, for example, when sales of Cadburys dairy milk increased through the successful Gorilla ad campaign. Supplier power of smaller suppliers will not be considerable because of their sales volumes on dependence on these supermarkets. Competitive advantage: Sainsburys has got some competitive advantage which made its business so successful all over UK and established the 3rd  food retail chain in United Kingdom. The competitive advantages are discussed below: Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16 million customers visiting every week Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  More concerned with the environmental issues such as green house effect , reducing fuel emission , providing 15 million reusable bags , 8 million car stickers and fridge magnets to remind and encourage people to use environmental friendly resources. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Performing social responsibility while working with Comic Relief to raise money and help poor neighbourhood. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  22% market share makes them one the power key player after Tesco in the British retail industry. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They have established a brand image and are considered to have the supermarket power which is Locations. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sainsburys marketing strategy is   to attract the middle class consumers   with an affordable cost   while maintaining   particularly   quality of the food they simultaneously. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They are promoting a new section name Active Kids to help school kids and teachers to overcall child obesity.http://www.bitc.org.uk/resources/case_studies/afe_1343.html) Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sainsbury is the first super store to start One Hour Delivery slot outside of London. In addition if the y fail to do so on time customers will be paid  £10 next time they do online shopping.  (http://www.sourcewire.com/releases/rel_display.php?relid=19562hilite Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sainsburys bank loans ranked 13 out of 16 in the Ciao top list as The Best Loan Lenders   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.ciao.co.uk/Sainsburys_Bank_Loans__6914648) Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Developing customer service is a key advantage for Sainsbury. They discovered their highly skilled employees focus on their duties rather than Customers. So therefore , they changed the strategies and focused more to   improve customer service to get extra advantage. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The adoption of RFID has brought new competitive advantage as only few companies has the privilege to use this innovative technology. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Making Sainsburys store more accessible for its customer while keeping in mind about some facts such as geographical aspects, ever changing lifestyles, and   Government restrictions. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cutting cost , giving incentives and introducing constant innovative products is a core advantage over competitors. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sainsbury manufacturers their own products and has their own brands which helps them to produce products in a bulk quantity at a cheaper price. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The company has a unique core competency which is they promote value by providing good quality products at a competitive price. Æ’ËÅ"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vertical integration in between buyers and suppliers has managed to organise and run a healthy supply chain system for the company which may help them to expand their business in future. . Limitations inter-related with the PEST Analysis: In analyzing the macro-environment, it is important to identify the critical factors that might have affect on the business. A number methods of have been developed so far. PEST analysis happens to be one of the key tools to determine those factors in a various way. Kotler (1998) claims that PEST analysis is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The utilization of PEST analysis could be considered effective for the corporate benefit and strategic developments of the company. Although everything has its own Pros and Cons , PEST analysis as a tool is not unlikely to them. It can be said that Pest Analysis are sometimes done on simple assumptions which may not even exist in real. The reason behind may be the facts we take into account while doing a PEST for any company. It may not be considered on specific area or may be they less possibility to happen reality. It is also considered that PEST analysis doesnt really emphasise on critical factors and it one of the major lacking of this method is it only covers external issues without concerning the internal environment of the company and position of competitors in the industry. Another disadvantage for PEST would be it is not done on a regular basis as the rules and regulations, currency rate , variables , foreign investment and   economic figures etc .change quite often. Indeed to make it more realistic and practical it is important to gather information and obtain different perspectives based on individual point of view which is going to increase cost thus, results as a limitation for this vastly use d tool. The current position of the company in the market is quite strong though with the booming recession and business expansion of   other competitors may cause some difficulties in future.  Sainsburys being   one of the largest supermarket company in UK should set some standards to achieve outstanding performance as a overall company. Moreover,   Sainsbury should introduce some new business policies to expand its business outside of UK and explore the new markets like China, India , USA, Australia. Conclusion: From this investigation it can be seen through the various analyses methods used; Marketing Audit, Porters 5 Forces and SWOT, that Sainsburys is an iconic British food brand, well loved by its consumers and importantly profits, have improved tremendously. Although it has shown steady growth it is important for Sainsburys to go the next level by challenging Tesco, a competitor identified in the Porters 5 forces analysis, either by thinking of international expansion or on price. This in conjunction with its increasing property portfolio and alternate businesses should help in continuing the strong growth path, as well as tiding over threats (SWOT) in its external environment.